Disorders of circulatory system

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

• Hypertension is the term for blood pressure that is higher than normal (120/80).
• 120 mm Hg is the systolic, or pumping, pressure and 80 mm Hg is the diastolic, or resting, pressure.
• If repeated checks of blood pressure of an individual is 140/90 (140 over 90) or higher, it shows hypertension.
• High blood pressure leads to heart diseases.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD):

• Coronary Artery Disease, often referred to as atherosclerosis, affects the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle.
• CAD caused by deposits of calcium, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissues, which makes the lumen of arteries narrower.

Angina

• It is also called ‘angina pectoris’.
• A symptom of acute chest pain appears when no enough oxygen is reaching the heart muscle.
• Angina can occur in men and women of any age.
• It occurs due to conditions that affect the blood flow.

Heart failure

• Heart failure means the state of heart when it is not pumping blood effectively enough to meet the needs of the body.
• Heart failure is not the same as cardiac arrest or a heart attack.
• Cardiac arrest is when the heart stops beating, whereas heart attack is when the heart muscle is suddenly damaged by an inadequate blood supply.

Fig. Coronary artery disease